Pemodelan Matematika Karakteristik Pengeringan Lada Putih Pada Pengering Spouted Bed Dengan Perlakuan Preheating Gelombang Mikro
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##
Abstrak
Untuk mempelajari pengaruh pengeringan terhadap biji lada putih diperlukan pengetahuan yang mendalam tentang kinetika pengeringan. Kinetika pengeringan bahan dapat dijelaskan melalui model matematika yang biasanya digunakan untuk memperkirakan waktu pengeringan bahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan model matematika pengeringan yang tepat untuk pengeringan spouted bed lada putih dengan perlakuan preheating gelombang mikro. Peralatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah alat pengering spouted bed yang dirancang untuk skala laboratorium. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa biji lada putih basah yang diperoleh dari perkebunan rakyat di kabupaten Enrekang provinsi Sulawesi Selatan dengan umur kira-kira 8-9 bulan setelah pembungaan. Lada putih langsung dimasukkan ke dalam ruang pengeringan spouted bed untuk perlakuan non-preheating sedangkan untuk perlakuan preheating lada disimpan dalam wadah kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam oven microwave terlebih dahulu selama 2 menit. Selama proses pengeringan, beberapa parameter untuk analisis pengeringan diukur. Terdapat tujuh model matematika pengeringan berbeda yang dievaluasi. Dalam penentuan model matematika yang paling sesuai, diperlukan validasi model melalui metode statistika. Metode statistik yang digunakan adalah analisis korelasi, uji chi-square (χ2) tereduksi dan analisis root mean square error (RMSE). Berdasarkan hasil analisis, model Weibull memenuhi kriteria untuk dijadikan model terbaik dengan koefisien korelasi r (0,99990) adalah yang tertinggi serta dan nilai χ2 (0,00001) serta nilai RMSE (0,00385) adalah yang terendah. Dengan demikian, model Weibull dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi waktu dan kadar air pengeringan.
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##
Cara Mengutip
Referensi
- Amarasinghe, B. M. W. P. K., Aberathna, A. J. M. L. M., & Aberathna, K. K. P. P. (2018). Kinetics and mathematical modeling of microwave drying of Sri Lankan black pepper (piper nigrum). International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research (IJOEAR), 4(2), 6-13.
- Arslan, D., & Özcan, M. M. (2010). Study the effect of sun, oven and microwave drying on quality of onion slices. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 43(7), 1121-1127.
- Chielle, D. P., Bertuol, D. A., Meili, L., Tanabe, E. H., & Dotto, G. L. (2016). Spouted bed drying of papaya seeds for oil production. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 65, 852-860.
- Emam, O. A., Farag, S. A., & Aziz, N. H. (1995). Comparative effects of gamma and microwave irradiation on the quality of black pepper. Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel - Untersuchung und Forschung, 201(6), 557-561.
- Erbay, Z., & Icier, F. (2010). A review of thin layer drying of foods: theory, modeling, and experimental results. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 50(5), 441-464.
- Fellows, P. J. (2009). Food processing technology: principles and practice. 3rd ed. Elsevier.
- Gazor, H. R., & Mohsenimanesh, A. (2010). Modelling the drying kinetics of canola in fluidised bed dryer. Czech Journal of Food Sciences, 28(6), 531-537.
- Hartulistiyoso, E., Purwanto, Y. A., & Mukhlis, A. M. A. (2019). Spouted Bed Drying of White Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) with Microwave Preheating Treatment. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 557, No. 1, p. 012045). IOP Publishing.
- Hashemi, G., Mowla, D., & Kazemeini, M. (2009). Moisture diffusivity and shrinkage of broad beans during bulk drying in an inert medium fluidized bed dryer assisted by dielectric heating. Journal of Food Engineering, 92(3), 331-338.
- Jayatunga, G. K., & Amarasinghe, B. M. W. P. K. (2019). Drying kinetics, quality and moisture diffusivity of spouted bed dried Sri Lankan black pepper. Journal of food engineering, 263, 38-45.
- Jittanit, W., Srzednicki, G., & Driscoll, R. H. (2013). Comparison between fluidized bed and spouted bed drying for seeds. Drying Technology, 31(1), 52-56.
- Kahyaoglu, L. N., Sahin, S., & Sumnu, G. (2012). Spouted bed and microwave-assisted spouted bed drying of parboiled wheat. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 90(2), 301-308.
- Keneni, Y. G., Hvoslef-Eide, A. T., & Marchetti, J. M. (2019). Mathematical modelling of the drying kinetics of Jatropha curcas L. seeds. Industrial crops and products, 132, 12-20.
- Magalhaes, A., & Pinho, C. (2008). Spouted bed drying of cork stoppers. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 47(12), 2395-2401.
- Markowski, M., Białobrzewski, I., & Modrzewska, A. (2010). Kinetics of spouted-bed drying of barley: Diffusi-vities for sphere and ellipsoid. Journal of Food Engineering, 96(3), 380-387.
- Mihindukulasuriya, S. D., & Jayasuriya, H. P. (2013). Mathematical modelling of drying characteristics of chilli in hot air oven and fluidized bed dryers. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 15(1), 154-166.
- Mujumdar, A.S. (2015). Principles, classification, and selection of dryers. Handbook of industrial drying, 4ed. 4 28.
- Olazar, M., San Jose, M. J., Aguayo, A. T., Arandes, J. M., & Bilbao, J. (1992). Stable operation conditions for gas-solid contact regimes in conical spouted beds. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 31(7), 1784-1792.
- Olazar M, San José MJ, Bilbao J. (2011). Conical spouted beds. Spouted and Spout-fluid Beds: Fundamentals and Applications. Cambridge (GB): Cambridge Univ Pr. 82-127
- Omolola, A. O., Kapila, P. F., & Silungwe, H. M. (2019). Mathematical modeling of drying characteristics of Jew’s mallow (Corchorus olitorius) leaves. Information processing in agriculture, 6(1), 109-115.
- Perea-Flores, M. J., Garibay-Febles, V., Chanona-Perez, J. J., Calderon-Dominguez, G., Mendez-Mendez, J. V., Palacios-González, E., & Gutierrez-Lopez, G. F. (2012). Mathematical modelling of castor oil seeds (Ricinus communis) drying kinetics in fluidized bed at high temperatures. Industrial Crops and Products, 38, 64-71.
- Plessi, M., Bertelli, D., & Miglietta, F. (2002). Effect of microwaves on volatile compounds in white and black pepper. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 35(3), 260-264.
- Promvonge, P., Boonloi, A., Pimsarn, M., & Thianpong, C. (2011). Drying characteristics of peppercorns in a rectangular fluidized-bed with triangular wavy walls. International Communica-tions in Heat and Mass Transfer, 38(9), 1239-1246.
- Roberts, J. S., Kidd, D. R., & Padilla-Zakour, O. (2008). Drying kinetics of grape seeds. Journal of Food Engineering, 89(4), 460-465.
- Rosa, D. P., Cantú-Lozano, D., Luna-Solano, G., Polachini, T. C., & Telis-Romero, J. (2015). Mathematical modeling of orange seed drying kinetics. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 39(3), 291-300.
- Schiffmann, R. F. (2006). Microwave and dielectric drying. Handbook of industrial drying, 3ed, 345-372.
- Toğrul, İ. T., & Pehlivan, D. (2003). Modelling of drying kinetics of single apricot. Journal of Food Engineering, 58(1), 23-32.
- Tulliza, I. S. & Mursalim, M. (2011). Pengeringan Lapis Tipis Biji Jagung dengan Alat Pengering Sistem Fluidasi. Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian, 25(1), 69-72.
- Usmiati, S., & Nurdjannah, N. (2006). Pengaruh lama perendaman dan cara pengeringan terhadap mutu lada putih. Journal of Agroindustrial Technology, 16(3).
- Wang, Z., Sun, J., Chen, F., Liao, X., & Hu, X. (2007). Mathematical modelling on thin layer microwave drying of apple pomace with and without hot air pre-drying. Journal of Food Engineering, 80(2), 536-544.
- Yang, Z., Zhu, E., & Zhu, Z. (2015). Water desorption isotherm and drying characteristics of green soybean. Journal of Stored Products Research, 60, 25-30.
- Zhang, Q. A., Song, Y., Wang, X., Zhao, W. Q., & Fan, X. H. (2016). Mathematical modeling of debittered apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) kernels during thin-layer drying. CyTA-Journal of Food, 14(4), 509 - 517.