Plagiarism Policy

1. Plagiarism and self-plagiarism are strictly prohibited.

2. Authors must ensure that the manuscript is an entirely original work. Any use of others’ ideas, data, or wording must be properly cited, and verbatim text must be clearly quoted with appropriate references.

3. Authors should not publish manuscripts describing essentially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication. Simultaneous submission to multiple journals is unethical and not acceptable.

4. All relevant sources must be properly acknowledged. Authors are expected to cite publications that significantly influenced the reported work.

Working Process

• The Editorial Team conducts an initial screening using manual checks (offline and online sources) to assess citation accuracy, quotation practices, and potential overlap.

• The manuscript is then screened using Turnitin App. If the similarity index indicates a potential plagiarism issue (e.g., more than 20%), the manuscript will be rejected immediately by the Editorial Board.